GLAVKOM

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March 17, 2017   |  

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GLAVKOM

Očesni pritisk je tlak tekočine v očesu. Tako imenovana prekatna voda ima funkcijo prehranjevanja notranjosti očesa in odtekanja skozi kanalček ter skozi žile odvodnice nazaj v krvni obtok. Očesni pritisk se dvigne v primeru, če voda premalo odteka ali pa če jo nastane preveč. Normalne vrednosti so od 10 do 21 mmHg. Očesni pritisk se meri v milimetrih živega srebra.

Povišan očesni pritisk je velikokrat dejavnik, ki vodi v razvoj glavkoma. Torej ne gre za popolnoma zanemarljiv pojav; meritve očesnega pritiska, kot del celovitega pregleda oči, se tako priporočajo vsem, ki so starejši od 40 let, ljudem, ki jemljejo zdravila, ki lahko vplivajo na spremembe očesnega tlaka ter tistim, pri katerih je kdo od bližnjih družinskih članov imel glavkom. Povišanemu očesnemu tlaku so bolj podvrženi tudi posamezniki, ki so utrpeli razne očesne poškodbe, večje tveganje je tudi po očesnih operacijah, po krvavitvah v očesu, pri zadebeljeni očesni leči. Če očesni pritisk nastaja hitro, so prvi znaki bolečine v glavi, nekoliko slabši vid ter barvni krogi okrog vira svetlobe.

Merjenje očesnega pritiska ni boleče. Vrednost se preverja z napravo imenovano tonometer, ki na roženico pošlje kratek zračni sunek in jo ob tem splošči. Meri se čas in odpor od začetka pošiljanja sunka do popolne sploščitve roženice. Sploščitev je odvisna od očesnega pritiska-če je pritisk višji, se roženica kasneje splošči. Očesni pritisk se lahko dnevno spreminja, zato se merjenje (ob različnih urah dneva) večkrat ponovi. V kolikor so meritve višje od 21 mmHg, govorimo o očesni hipertenziji oziroma povišanem očesnem pritisku. V tem primeru oftalmolog svetuje ustrezno zdravljenje, ki je usmerjeno v znižanje očesnega pritiska in se ga je potrebno natančno držati.

Očesne hipertenzije ni mogoče preprečiti, saj vzroki za nastanek niso popolnoma znani, zato pa so redni pregledi toliko bolj pomembni; preprečijo lahko nastanek glavkoma v prihodnosti in tako ohranijo dober vid. V primeru slabega nadzora nad zvišanim očesnim tlakom, lahko pride do trajne spremembe vidnega živca, kar velikokrat privede do glavkoma.

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